Dynamic capabilities, value creation and value capture: Evidence from SMEs under Covid-19 lockdown in Poland.

Dynamic capabilities, resulting from activities that allow conscious and skillful modification of a firm's strategic potential, are seen as one of the key drivers of a firm's value creation, competitive advantage and above-average performance in changing environments. However, little is known about how dynamic capabilities can shape business survival and performance during crises. The research objective of this paper is twofold. First, through a literature review, we seek to identify which first-order dynamic capabilities-managerial decisions under uncertainty-are vital for rapid response to a crisis. Second, we present the results of research carried out among 151 small and medium-sized companies in Poland immediately after the beginning of the economic lockdown (April 2020). The survey that we developed identifies which dynamic capabilities were essential for businesses to survive during this unexpected black swan event. We also present dependence and regression analyses showing the links between the identified dynamic capabilities and value creation, understood as retaining employees and production levels, as well as value capture, understood as maintaining cash flow and current revenues.

Shifting entrepreneurial landscape and development performance of water startups in emerging water markets.

Emerging technologies have driven the rise of many water-related startups and created new opportunities in water markets. The global water crisis could be mitigated by applying innovative technologies, sound water management decisions, and successful business models, and it is essential to better understand the status and future trends of emerging water markets. This study aims to discover shifts in the entrepreneurial landscape and evaluate water startups' development performance for the sustainable development of emerging water markets. We collected and analyzed data including the founding date, service area, service provided, details of funding raised, revenues, and consumer responses on 132 water startups founded between 2008 and 2018 in California, USA. Our results indicated that municipal area dominated the emerging water startup market compared to agricultural and industrial areas, and that many of the services provided shifted from conventional technologies to digital technologies. Though digital water startups' current revenues were relatively low, digital techniques applied in the water industry exhibited the good potential to promote public health and water saving. The development trends and performance of water startups enlighten the technological and commercial revolutions in the emerging water market, and provide guidelines for the decision-making in relevant stakeholders in the scientific, governmental, and industrial communities.

Empreendedorismo e suporte familiar em estudantes de enfermagem do Brasil e Chile / Tendencia emprendedora y apoyo familiar en estudiantes de enfermería de Brasil y Chile / Entrepreneurship and family support in nursing students from Brazil and Chile

Resumo Objetivo: Associar a tendência empreendedora geral e o suporte familiar percebido entre estudantes de Enfermagem do Brasil e Chile. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de estudantes de cinco instituições superiores de ensino, coletados de março a setembro de 2018. Foram utilizados: formulário para avaliação sociodemográfica, questionário de Tendência Empreendedora Geral (TEG) e Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF). Foram ajustados modelos de regressão logística simples e modelos de regressão multinomial. Resultados: Dos 889 estudantes participantes, 82% eram mulheres, 60% tinham idade entre 20 e 25 anos e 55% eram de instituição particular de ensino. TEG baixa ou muito baixa foi predominante nos dois países (Brasil=83,5%; Chile=78,4%), além de baixos índices de percepção de suporte familiar. Não foram encontradas associações diretas entre o TEG e o IPSF. No Chile houve associação positiva entre a chance de a categoria impulsividade que compõe a TEG ser médio e alto com o fator autonomia familiar ser alto [OR=1,16 (1,07-1,26);p<0,01]. Conclusão: A autonomia familiar percebida pode moderar, ainda que discretamente, características importantes como a impulsividade, não sendo suficiente para elevar a tendência empreendedora desses estudantes a patamares satisfatórios. O apoio social mais adequado para promover o comportamento empreendedor dos estudantes parece ser o incentivo acadêmico na instituição educacional, tornando-se necessária a adequação pedagógica ao público feminino e às características culturais de cada país. Outras pesquisas devem ser realizadas.

Resumen Objetivo: Relacionar la tendencia emprendedora general y el apoyo familiar percibido en estudiantes de enfermería de Brasil y Chile. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de estudiantes de cinco instituciones de educación superior, recolectados de marzo a septiembre de 2018. Se utilizó un formulario para la evaluación sociodemográfica, el cuestionario Tendencia Emprendedora General (TEG) y el Inventario de Percepción de Apoyo Familiar (IPAF). Fueron ajustados modelos de regresión logística simple y modelos de regresión multinomial. Resultados: De los 889 estudiantes participantes, el 82 % eran mujeres, el 60 % tenían entre 20 y 25 años y el 55 % pertenecían a una institución educativa privada. La TEG baja o muy baja fue predominante en los dos países (Brasil = 83,5 %; Chile = 78,4 %), además de índices bajos de percepción de apoyo familiar. No se encontraron relaciones directas entre la TEG y el IPAF. En Chile, hubo una relación positiva entre la posibilidad de que la categoría impulsividad que compone la TEG sea media y alta y el factor autonomía familia sea alto [OR=1,16 (1,07-1,26);p<0,01]. Conclusión: La autonomía familiar percibida puede moderar, aunque sea de forma discreta, características importantes como la impulsividad, pero no es suficiente para elevar la tendencia emprendedora de estos estudiantes a niveles satisfactorios. El apoyo social más adecuado para promover el comportamiento emprendedor de los estudiantes parece ser el incentivo académico en la institución educativa, por lo que se torna necesaria una adaptación pedagógica al público femenino y a las características culturales de cada país. Deben realizarse otras investigaciones.

Abstract Objective: To associate the general entrepreneurial tendency and perceived family support among nursing students from Brazil and Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional study with data from students from five higher education institutions, collected from March to September 2018. A form, a General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test and a Perceived Family Support Inventory (Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar - IPSF) were used for sociodemographic assessment. Simple logistic regression models and multinomial regression models were adjusted. Results: Of the 889 participating students, 82% were women, 60% were between 20 and 25 years old and 55% were from a private educational institution. Low or very low GET was predominant in both countries (Brazil=83.5%; Chile=78.4%), in addition to low levels of perception of family support. No direct associations were found between GET and IPSF. In Chile, there was a positive association between the chance that the drive category that makes up the GET is medium and high with the family autonomy factor being high [OR=1.16 (1.07-1.26); p<0.01]. Conclusion: Perceived family autonomy can moderate, albeit discreetly, important characteristics such as drive, not being enough to raise the entrepreneurial tendency of these students to satisfactory levels. The most appropriate social support to promote students' entrepreneurial behavior seems to be academic incentive in the educational institution. Thus, it is necessary to adapt pedagogically to the female audience and to the cultural characteristics of each country. Further research must be carried out.

Identifying environmental and economic development factors in sustainable entrepreneurship over time by partial least squares (PLS).

This study analyses the impact of environmental and economic factors consolidation on sustainable entrepreneurship over time. A model is proposed that analyses the relations between these factors and sustainable entrepreneurship over time with sustainable development goals performances and the continuation of the businesses index as variables. Using data from 50 countries, a quantitative method based on partial least squares was applied to validate the proposed model. Our findings showed positive and significant relations between environmental and economic factors with sustainable entrepreneurship over time. This implies that the countries which invest more efforts to consolidate their economic and environmental factors obtain higher durability rates for their sustainable entrepreneurship.

Nursing entrepreneur care in social inequity contexts.

OBJECTIVES: to identify emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care. METHODS: qualitative study carried out in two stages: field approach from healthcare interventions in a Recycling Materials Association, and individual interviews conducted between October and December 2018. RESULTS: the analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Social contribution of recyclable materials collectors; From the assistentialist perception to entrepreneurial Nursing care; Emancipatory strategies of recycling work. Final Considerations: the emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care are related to the appreciation, recognition and enhancement of social work that has been already performed by these professionals, and to the creation of spaces for the socialization of experiences, expectations and perspectives.

Nursing entrepreneur care in social inequity contexts / El cuidado emprendedor de enfermería en contextos de inequidades sociales / O cuidado empreendedor de enfermagem em contextos de iniquidades sociais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care. Methods: qualitative study carried out in two stages: field approach from healthcare interventions in a Recycling Materials Association, and individual interviews conducted between October and December 2018. Results: the analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Social contribution of recyclable materials collectors; From the assistentialist perception to entrepreneurial Nursing care; Emancipatory strategies of recycling work. Final Considerations: the emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care are related to the appreciation, recognition and enhancement of social work that has been already performed by these professionals, and to the creation of spaces for the socialization of experiences, expectations and perspectives.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar estrategias emancipadoras para el fortalecimiento del protagonismo social de recolectores de materiales reciclables, a la luz del cuidado emprendedor de Enfermería. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado en dos etapas: aproximación de campo en una Asociación de Materiales Reciclables, a partir de intervenciones de cuidado y, en la segunda, la realización de entrevistas individuales, entre los meses de octubre y diciembre de 2018. Resultados: el análisis ha resultado en tres categorías temáticas: Contribución social del recolector de materiales reciclables; De la percepción asistencialista al cuidado emprendedor de Enfermería; Estrategias emancipadoras del trabajo de reciclaje. Consideraciones Finales: las estrategias emancipadoras para fortalecer el protagonismo social de recolectores de materiales reciclables, a la luz del cuidado emprendedor de Enfermería, están relacionadas con la valorización, el reconocimiento y la potenciación del trabajo social que ya vienen siendo realizados por estos profesionales, y con la creación de espacios para la socialización de vivencias, expectativas y perspectivas futuras.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar estratégias emancipadoras para fortalecer o protagonismo social de colecionadores de materiais recicláveis à luz do cuidado empreendedor de Enfermagem. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em duas etapas: aproximação de campo em uma Associação de Materiais Recicláveis, a partir de intervenções de cuidado; e, na segunda, a realização de entrevistas individuais entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2018. Resultados: a análise resultou em três categorias temáticas: Contribuição social do colecionador de materiais recicláveis; Da percepção assistencialista ao cuidado empreendedor de Enfermagem; Estratégias emancipadoras do trabalho de reciclagem. Considerações Finais: as estratégias emancipadoras para fortalecer o protagonismo social de colecionadores de materiais recicláveis à luz do cuidado empreendedor de Enfermagem estão relacionadas com a valorização, o reconhecimento e a potencialização do trabalho social que já vem sendo realizado por estes profissionais, e com a criação de espaços para a socialização de vivências, expectativas e perspectivas futuras.

The entrepreneurship of survival among urban adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness.

AIMS: Using an entrepreneurship lens, this study examined the narratives of urban adults experiencing homelessness and living with mental illness, to explore strategies used for day-to-day survival. METHODS: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 females, 30 males, and one individual identifying as "other," living in a mid-sized Canadian city. The average age was 39 years. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis informed by grounded theory. FINDINGS: Participants described creative and intentional strategies for managing life on the street without permanent shelter, including recognition of opportunities, mobilization of their own or acquired resources, and use of social connections and communication skills, and strategies that demonstrated entrepreneurial processes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that participants used survival entrepreneurship strategies and processes to navigate daily life while experiencing homelessness. Recognition and validation of the propensity for enterprise and self-sufficiency are central for both individual recovery and ending homelessness within similar populations.

The relationship of personality traits and entrepreneurship tendencies with career adaptability of nursing students.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to reveal the relationship of nursing students' personality traits and entrepreneurship tendency with career adaptability. METHOD: This descriptive and correlational study's sample consisted of the junior and senior students in the nursing faculty of a state university in Istanbul (n = 265). The data was collected using the Student Information Questionnaire, Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, Ten Item Personality Inventory, and Scale of University Students Entrepreneurship. Descriptive tests and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the variables that affect the career adaptability of nursing students. RESULTS: The mean points on the personality inventory sub-dimensions of nursing students were highest in conscientiousness (5.72, SD 1.29) and lowest in emotional stability (4.46, SD 1.33). The mean on the Scale of University Students Entrepreneurship was 135.2 (SD 19.50) and on the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale was 78.7 (SD 9.05). The significant relationship between the personality traits, entrepreneurship tendency, and career adaptability scores of the students was weak and moderate. The regression model used to determine the variables that affect the career adaptability of nursing students was significant. Of the variables in the model, entrepreneurship tendency and being a fourth-year student significantly influenced the total score on career adaptability. CONCLUSION: The results showed a correlation between personality traits and career adaptability. In addition, there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurship tendency and career adaptability. The students with high entrepreneurship tendencies have better career adaptability. The results suggest that nursing education should improve entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial traits by considering the personality traits of students in order to ensure their adaptation to the nursing profession.

A Systematic Review of Entrepreneurship in Pharmacy Practice and Education.

Objective. To review literature pertaining to entrepreneurship in pharmacy practice, education, and the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) identified for pharmacist entrepreneurs. Findings. In terms of pharmacy practice, entrepreneurship was most frequently identified with innovation and creativity to develop new opportunities for pharmacists. The most frequent role for entrepreneurship in pharmacy education was related to schools putting a greater emphasis on innovation, creativity, or divergent thinking. Risk-taking and creativity/innovation were the most frequently identified KSAs, with 17 (63.0%) manuscripts mentioning these as important for a pharmacist entrepreneur. Other KSAs pertaining to pharmacy entrepreneurship that were mentioned in the articles included self-starter, management, proactivity, communication, strategic planning, positivity, decision-making, teamwork, versatility, marketing, critical thinking, competitiveness, proposal development, numeracy, technology, self-reflection, persistence, social responsibility, and cultural competence. Summary. No consensus for entrepreneurship in pharmacy practice or education currently exists. In order to improve instructional design and assessment for pharmacy entrepreneurship education, a core set of KSAs for a pharmacist entrepreneur construct must be identified. The most commonly cited KSAs in related literature that are not already part of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education standards include risk-taking, strategic planning, marketing, competitiveness, and social responsibility. These may serve as a starting point for enhancing pharmacy curricula to embrace pharmacist entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship in Nursing: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate in the national and international literature the concept and typologies of entrepreneurship in Nursing. METHOD: Integrative review in six databases, with the descriptors entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem and enfermeira, making a final sample of 31 articles. RESULTS: The concept of entrepreneurship in Nursing is related to personal and professional characteristics, such as autonomy, independence, flexibility, innovation, proactivity, self-confidence and responsibility. The typologies found were: social and business entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism of social mobilization and transformation, entrepreneurship is one in which nurses are autonomous professionally and intrapreneurship relates to corporate entrepreneurs. CONCLUSION: Entrepreneurship can increase the visibility of the profession and foster the creation of new spaces for nurses.

Entrepreneurship and Nursing: integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the knowledge produced on business entrepreneurship in Nursing. METHOD: Integrative literature review in the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Index Psychology and National Information Center of Medical Sciences of Cuba (CUMED). We included available studies in their totality in the period from 2007 to 2017. RESULTS: 22 articles were included. The categories that emerged from the study are the following: Concepts of entrepreneurship in nursing, Profile of the entrepreneur nurse, Business Diversity, Business Management, Barriers to business entrepreneurship in nursing, Support to entrepreneurial nurses and Entrepreneurship in Nursing Undergraduate. CONCLUSION: There is a need to prepare nurses with adequate skills to increase the capacity to integrate into the labor market and to improve their own well-being and that of society.

Entrepreneurship and Nursing: integrative review / Emprendedorismo de negocios y Enfermería: una revisión integrativa / Empreendedorismo de negócios e Enfermagem: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the knowledge produced on business entrepreneurship in Nursing. Method: Integrative literature review in the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Index Psychology and National Information Center of Medical Sciences of Cuba (CUMED). We included available studies in their totality in the period from 2007 to 2017. Results: 22 articles were included. The categories that emerged from the study are the following: Concepts of entrepreneurship in nursing, Profile of the entrepreneur nurse, Business Diversity, Business Management, Barriers to business entrepreneurship in nursing, Support to entrepreneurial nurses and Entrepreneurship in Nursing Undergraduate. Conclusion: There is a need to prepare nurses with adequate skills to increase the capacity to integrate into the labor market and to improve their own well-being and that of society.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento producido sobre el emprendedorismo de negocios en la Enfermería. Método: Revisión de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Base de Datos en Enfermería (BDENF), Index Psicología y Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Cuba (CUMED). Se incluyeron estudios disponibles completos, de 2007 a 2017. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 artículos. Las categorías que surgieron en el estudio fueron: Conceptos de emprendedorismo en la Enfermería; El perfil del enfermero emprendedor; La diversidad de negocios; La gestión de Negocios; Barreras al emprendedorismo de negocios en Enfermería; Apoyo al enfermero emprendedor; y Emprendedor en la graduación en Enfermería. Conclusión: Hay una necesidad de preparar a los enfermeros con habilidades adecuadas para aumentar la capacidad de integración en los mercados de trabajo, mejorar su propio bienestar y el de la sociedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento produzido sobre o empreendedorismo de negócios na Enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), Index Psicologia e Centro Nacional de Informação de Ciências Médicas de Cuba (CUMED). Foram incluídos estudos disponíveis em sua totalidade no período de 2007 a 2017. Resultados: Foram incluídos 22 artigos. As categorias que emergiram do estudo são as seguintes: Conceitos de empreendedorismo na Enfermagem, Perfil do enfermeiro empreendedor, Diversidade de negócios, Gestão de Negócios, Barreiras ao empreendedorismo de negócios na Enfermagem, Apoio ao enfermeiro empreendedor e Empreendedorismo na graduação em Enfermagem. Conclusão: Há necessidade de preparar os enfermeiros com habilidades adequadas para aumentar a capacidade de integração ao mercado de trabalho e melhorar o seu próprio bem-estar e o da sociedade.

Entrepreneurship in Nursing: an integrative literature review / Emprendedorismo en la enfermería: revisión integrativa de la literatura / Empreendedorismo na Enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate in the national and international literature the concept and typologies of entrepreneurship in Nursing. Method: Integrative review in six databases, with the descriptors entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem and enfermeira, making a final sample of 31 articles. Results: The concept of entrepreneurship in Nursing is related to personal and professional characteristics, such as autonomy, independence, flexibility, innovation, proactivity, self-confidence and responsibility. The typologies found were: social and business entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism of social mobilization and transformation, entrepreneurship is one in which nurses are autonomous professionally and intrapreneurship relates to corporate entrepreneurs. Conclusion: Entrepreneurship can increase the visibility of the profession and foster the creation of new spaces for nurses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evidenciar en la literatura nacional e internacional el concepto y las tipologías de emprendedorismo en la enfermería. Método: La revisión integrativa en seis bases de datos, con los descriptores entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem y enfermeira, con una muestra final de 31 artículos. Resultados: El concepto de emprendedorismo en la enfermería está relacionando a características personales y profesionales, como autonomía, independencia, flexibilidad, innovación, proactividad, autoconfianza y responsabilidad. Las tipologías encontradas fueron: emprendimiento social, empresarial e intra-empresarial. El emprendedorismo social es un mecanismo de movilización y transformación social, emprendedorismo empresarial es aquel en el cual enfermeros son autónomos profesionalmente y el intraemprendedorismo se relaciona con emprendedores empleados corporativos. Conclusión: El emprendedorismo puede ampliar la visibilidad de la profesión y fomentar la creación de nuevos espacios de actuación para el enfermero.

RESUMO Objetivo: Evidenciar na literatura nacional e internacional o conceito e as tipologias de empreendedorismo na Enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa em seis bases de dados, com os descritores entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem e enfermeira, perfazendo uma amostra final de 31 artigos. Resultados: O conceito de empreendedorismo na Enfermagem está relacionando a características pessoais e profissionais, como autonomia, independência, flexibilidade, inovação, pró-atividade, autoconfiança e responsabilidade. As tipologias encontradas foram: empreendedorismo social, empresarial e intraempreendedorismo. O empreendedorismo social é um mecanismo de mobilização e transformação social, empreendedorismo empresarial é aquele no qual enfermeiros são autônomos profissionalmente e o intraempreendedorismo relaciona-se a empreendedores empregados coorporativos. Conclusão: O empreendedorismo pode ampliar a visibilidade da profissão e fomentar a criação de novos espaços de atuação para o enfermeiro.

Educação empreendedora: contribuições para a formação do perfil empreendedor de alunos da Enfermagem / Entrepreneur education: contributions to the formation of the nursing student entrepreneur profile

O empreendedorismo é um fenômeno socioeconômico que tem sido valorizado em virtude da sua influência no crescimento e desenvolvimento das nações. O sujeito desse fenômeno é o empreendedor, sujeito dotado de múltiplas características que compõem seu perfil e que atua de forma dinâmica, voltada para colher resultados, frutos de seus esforços pessoais. A educação empreendedora é, portanto, destacada como uma das formas mais eficazes de se trabalhar a cultura e formar novos profissionais, sejam eles da área de humanas, exatas ou biológicas, considerando seu perfil inovador, que busca novas formas de agir ou lidar com situações em que identifica possibilidade de melhoria. Assim, este estudo objetivou contribuir para a formação empreendedora de alunos da saúde, buscando descrever as características comportamentais empreendedoras dos alunos ingressantes e concluintes dos três cursos de enfermagem pesquisados, por meio de um instrumento de pesquisa desenvolvido por David McClelland. As análises qualitativas ocorreram por meio de análise de conteúdo, categorização e enunciação, resultantes de processo de leitura flutuante. As análises quantitativas ocorreram por meio de análises descritivas de média, mínima e máxima, desvio padrão e variância, distribuição e dispersão. Conclui-se por meio do presente estudo, que os alunos dos três cursos pesquisados possuem as dez características comportamentais empreendedoras, no entanto, as médias das pontuações ficaram em patamares entre 15 e 20 pontos numa escala de 25 pontos. As pontuações obtidas pelas médias, tanto de ingressantes como de concluintes, apresentaram níveis considerados muito baixo, baixo e mínimo satisfatório. Diante desta pontuação, recomenda-se buscar articular ações didático-pedagógicas que promovam a autonomia do discente para ações empreendedoras que resultem no seu empoderamento, no sentido de ação autônomas por parte do aluno. Como contribuição acadêmica, os resultados do presente estudo podem abrir caminhos para novas pesquisas relacionadas ao conhecimento empreendedor e experiência prévia, diante de ações que envolvam a educação empreendedora, visto que aponta ligação entre o ensino do empreendedorismo e as habilidades desenvolvidas na educação superior. Como contribuição prática, os resultados revelam possíveis direções para o estímulo do empreendedorismo, tendo em vista o consenso de que os empreendedores não necessariamente nascem empreendedores, mas se desenvolvem ao longo do tempo. Para isso, reforça-se a necessidade de incluir a educação empreendedora como pauta no ensino superior, sugerindo-a como mínima junto aos currículos dos diferentes cursos de graduação, para que seu conteúdo alcance o estudante por meio de inserções teóricas e experiências práticas, preparando-os para os desafios que irão enfrentar na profissão

Entrepreneurship is a socioeconomic phenomenon that has been valued because of its influence on the growth and development of nations. The subject of this phenomenon is the entrepreneur, subject with multiple characteristics that make up his profile and that acts dynamically, aimed at reaping results, the result of his personal efforts. Entrepreneurial education is therefore highlighted as one of the most effective ways of working culture and training new professionals, whether human, exact or biological, considering its innovative profile, which seeks new ways of acting or dealing with situations. where it identifies possibility of improvement. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the entrepreneurial education of health students, seeking to describe the entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics of freshmen and senior students of the three researched nursing courses, through a research instrument developed by David McClelland. Qualitative analyzes occurred through content analysis, categorization and enunciation, resulting from a fluctuating reading process. Quantitative analyzes were performed by descriptive analysis of mean, minimum and maximum, standard deviation and variance, distribution and dispersion. It is concluded from the present study, that the students of the three researched courses have the ten entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics, however, the mean scores were between 15 and 20 points on a 25-point scale. The scores obtained by the averages of both freshmen and graduates presented levels considered very low, low and minimum satisfactory. Given this score, it is recommended to seek to articulate didactic-pedagogical actions that promote student autonomy for entrepreneurial actions that result in their empowerment, in the sense of autonomous action on the part of the student. As an academic contribution, the results of the present study may open the way for new research related to entrepreneurial knowledge and previous experience, in face of actions involving entrepreneurial education, since it points out the connection between entrepreneurship teaching and the skills developed in higher education. As a practical contribution, the results reveal possible directions for encouraging entrepreneurship, in view of the consensus that entrepreneurs are not born, but developed. To this end, it reinforces the need to include entrepreneurial education as an agenda in higher education, suggesting it as a minimum with the curricula of different undergraduate courses, so that its content reaches the student through theoretical insertions and practical experiences, preparing them to the challenges they will face in the profession

Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and scientific mobility: The Spanish case.

Scientific mobility can stimulate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, acting as a catalyst for reducing imbalances between local and global science and the resulting socio-economic damage. This study evaluates both whether scientific mobility effectively promotes these concepts and the fundamental reasons to articulate effective policies for scientific mobility. Toward this end, a survey has been prepared following the methodology of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and current scientific literature. A total of 364 researchers involved in Spanish scientific mobility took part in the study: Spanish scientists abroad (135) and scientists returned to Spain (52), as mobile groups, and young researchers in Spain (177), as a group of scientists who could go abroad, but that have not yet begun to leave. The results demonstrate that scientific mobility does promote entrepreneurship and, especially intrapreneurship. Moreover, since permanent positions are scarce for these groups and their mobility decisions largely depend on job opportunities, the involved Spanish authorities and agents can improve scientific mobility by means suitable policies that make the most of this potential to the benefit of economic growth and job creation.

Nursing students in the community: entrepreneurial strategy and proponent of changes.

OBJECTIVE: To report the insertion of the nursing students of the Franciscan University Center in the community through the project Adopting a Family, contributing to critical thinking within the Nursing academic production and its articulation to collective health. RESULTS: In the professors' evaluation, the activity represented an effective articulation and insertion of the university in the community; for the students, it allowed for spaces of construction, deconstruction and negotiation with the unknown and the uncertain; for the families, it enabled the feeling of being remembered and valued as human beings and citizens. Through the experiences had, the transformation of health practices goes through the emergence and valuation of new knowledge. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The insertion of the university in the community is constituted by an entrepreneurial strategy that is proponent of changes, due to its more effective and resolute outreach of health issues proposed by the national health system.